Xylitol Poisoning in dogs

About Xylitol

-Xylitol poisoning in dogs is increasing since 2007 as per the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center.  

-Signs of xylitol poisoning like vomiting—may begin as quickly as 30 minutes after consumption of xylitol and proceed to lethargy, loss of appetite, diarrhoea, incoordination, collapse, and seizures.  

-In some cases, xylitol may be absorbed more slowly and symptoms may not appear for hours.  

-Small dogs are more in danger than larger dogs.

-Intake of Xylitol by dogs can lead to hypoglycaemia and hepatic necrosis.  

-Xylitol stimulates release of insulin, which further decreases blood sugar leading to condition called hypoglycemia.  

-Xylitol can cause hepatic necrosis (destruction of liver tissue) when ingested in higher quantities. 

-Hypokalemia (deficiency of potassium) and hypophosphatemia (low phosphate levels) cause further distress.


-The prognosis for dogs with hypoglycemia is good with immediate and proper treatment, while the prognosis for dogs that have developed liver toxicity is poor.  

-Large ingestions of xylitol (a relatively small amount of the product) that are not caught immediately can result in fulminant liver failure and death despite aggressive supportive care.


-Consult your vet immediately, who generally advises hospitalization of dogs.  

-Vet may induce vomiting and give activated charcoal to help with the toxins as per the toxicity conditions.  

-Close monitoring of blood sugar levels and intravenous infusions of glucose (sugar) may also be needed depending on the amount ingested and how quickly the problem was recognized.  

-Intravenous fluid therapy will be administered which usually helps in correcting glucose, potassium, and phosphorous levels of dogs.  

-Liver protectants, along with antioxidants, vitamins C, E, and K can be helpful. 

-Antibiotics may be recommended as well as per the conditions. 

-Lastly, store any human xylitol products and foodstuffs out of the reach of your dog. If you give your dog nut butter as a treat or as a vehicle for pills, check the label first to make sure it doesn’t contain xylitol.